What learning theory suggests that individuals learn by observing the behavior of a model?

The concept of learning by observing the behavior of a model is central to the theory known as modeling, often associated with Albert Bandura's social learning theory. This theory posits that people can acquire new behaviors and knowledge by watching others, rather than through direct experience alone. When individuals observe models, they take note of the antecedents and consequences of the model’s behavior, which can influence their own actions.

Modeling emphasizes the importance of social influences in the learning process. Observational learning can occur in various contexts, from everyday experiences to structured environments. This theory underscores that not all learning is a direct consequence of reinforcement or punishment, as suggest by behaviorism, but can also occur through vicarious reinforcement—where individuals learn the likelihood of a behavior’s success based on the experiences they observe others having.

Understanding modeling helps clarify how social contexts and interactions shape learning and the adoption of new behaviors, which is an essential aspect of psychological and educational theories.