What occurs when neurotransmitters are released into the synapse?

When neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, neurons communicate with each other. This process is crucial for the functioning of the nervous system, as neurotransmitters act as chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synaptic gap between neurons. When an electrical signal, or action potential, travels down a neuron and reaches the synapse, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters stored in vesicles. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to various responses depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor involved. This communication is foundational for processes such as mood regulation, reflexes, and overall brain function.

The other options do not accurately describe what happens when neurotransmitters are released. Neurons do not disintegrate in this process, synapses do not close as a result of neurotransmitter release, nor do dendrites regenerate during this stage of communication. Instead, the release of neurotransmitters is a key step in facilitating neuronal communication and enabling the transmission of information in the brain and nervous system.