What technique is often used to treat phobias by gradually exposing the individual to the source of fear?

Desensitization, specifically systematic desensitization, is a therapeutic technique that helps individuals confront and reduce their phobic reactions by gradually exposing them to the feared object or situation in a controlled and progressive manner. This process typically involves an initial phase of relaxation training to help the individual manage anxiety. After establishing a sense of calm, the therapist introduces the individual to the feared stimulus in a hierarchical manner, starting with less frightening aspects and gradually moving to more intense encounters.

The purpose of this gradual exposure is to help the individual become desensitized to the fear, allowing them to experience the feared object or situation without excessive anxiety. Over time, this repeated and controlled exposure can diminish the fear response and lead to increased coping abilities in real-world situations.

In contrast, other techniques mentioned have different focuses. For instance, modeling involves learning through observation of others, reinforcement pertains to the use of rewards to strengthen desired behaviors, and cognitive restructuring helps individuals alter negative thought patterns, but none of these directly apply the method of gradual exposure that is central to desensitization for phobias.